mirror of
https://github.com/rajnandan1/kener.git
synced 2026-06-23 04:10:22 +00:00
refactor(database): implement connection pool tuning and health checks for improved reliability
This commit is contained in:
Raj Nandan Sharma
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
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# Fail-fast, self-healing database pool defaults
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`knexfile.ts` overrides knex's pool defaults for network databases (Postgres, MySQL): `pool.min` is 0 instead of 2, acquire/create timeouts are 15s instead of 60s/30s, and TCP keepalive is enabled on connections. All knobs are overridable via `DATABASE_*` env vars.
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Two production incidents drove this. On Railway, a Postgres outage caused every request to hang for knex's default 60s `acquireConnectionTimeout` before failing with `KnexTimeoutError`, and after the database recovered the app stayed broken until a manual restart. In Docker Swarm (#692), the overlay network's conntrack silently dropped idle TCP connections after ~20 minutes, so the first request after an idle period drew a dead socket from the pool and returned a 500; the reporter worked around it with server-side Postgres `tcp_keepalives_*` settings and asked for an application-level fix.
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Both share one root cause: knex keeps `pool.min` connections forever and never validates them. Those permanently-idle sockets are exactly the ones cloud networks (Railway proxies, Swarm overlays, k8s) silently kill, and after any database blip they wedge the pool with corpses. `min: 0` lets the reaper retire every idle connection (`idleTimeoutMillis` 30s, well under typical conntrack windows), keepalive lets the OS detect silently-dropped sockets, and the 15s timeouts turn a minute-long hang into a fast failure during an outage.
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The trade-off: a quiet instance pays connection setup on the first query after idle (tens of milliseconds), and a database that takes longer than 15s to accept connections will see failures where the old defaults would have waited a minute. Deployments with such databases can raise `DATABASE_ACQUIRE_TIMEOUT_MS` / `DATABASE_CREATE_TIMEOUT_MS` rather than the project reverting to defaults that wedge everyone else.
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+42
-3
@@ -7,13 +7,41 @@ const databaseURLParts = databaseURL.split("://");
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const databaseType = databaseURLParts[0];
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const databasePath = databaseURLParts[1];
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const intFromEnv = (name: string, fallback: number): number => {
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const raw = process.env[name];
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if (raw === undefined) return fallback;
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const parsed = parseInt(raw, 10);
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return Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed >= 0 ? parsed : fallback;
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};
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// TCP keepalive on pooled connections, on by default. Cloud networks (Railway,
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// Docker Swarm overlays, k8s) silently drop idle TCP connections; without
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// keepalive the pool keeps handing out dead sockets after an idle period or a
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// database restart. See docs/adr/0003-fail-fast-self-healing-db-pool.md.
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const keepAliveEnabled = process.env.DATABASE_KEEPALIVE !== "false";
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// Pool defaults deviate from knex's on purpose:
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// - min 0: knex's min 2 connections are never reaped, so they are exactly the
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// ones that go stale and wedge the app until a manual restart
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// - 15s acquire/create timeouts: fail fast instead of hanging requests for
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// knex's default 60s during a database outage
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const pool = {
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min: intFromEnv("DATABASE_POOL_MIN", 0),
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max: intFromEnv("DATABASE_POOL_MAX", 10),
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idleTimeoutMillis: intFromEnv("DATABASE_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS", 30000),
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createTimeoutMillis: intFromEnv("DATABASE_CREATE_TIMEOUT_MS", 15000),
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};
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const acquireConnectionTimeout = intFromEnv("DATABASE_ACQUIRE_TIMEOUT_MS", 15000);
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interface KnexConfig {
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migrations: { directory: string };
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seeds: { directory: string };
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databaseType: string;
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client?: string;
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connection?: string | { filename: string };
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connection?: string | { filename: string } | Record<string, unknown>;
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useNullAsDefault?: boolean;
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pool?: typeof pool;
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acquireConnectionTimeout?: number;
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}
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const knexOb: KnexConfig = {
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@@ -33,10 +61,21 @@ if (databaseType === "sqlite") {
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knexOb.useNullAsDefault = true;
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} else if (databaseType === "postgresql") {
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knexOb.client = "pg";
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knexOb.connection = databaseURL;
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knexOb.connection = {
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connectionString: databaseURL,
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keepAlive: keepAliveEnabled,
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};
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knexOb.pool = pool;
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knexOb.acquireConnectionTimeout = acquireConnectionTimeout;
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} else if (databaseType === "mysql") {
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knexOb.client = "mysql2";
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knexOb.connection = databaseURL;
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knexOb.connection = {
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uri: databaseURL,
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enableKeepAlive: keepAliveEnabled,
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keepAliveInitialDelay: 10000,
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};
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knexOb.pool = pool;
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knexOb.acquireConnectionTimeout = acquireConnectionTimeout;
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} else {
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console.error("Invalid database type");
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process.exit(1);
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+95
-70
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import Startup from "../src/lib/server/startup.ts";
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import shutdownSchedulers from "../src/lib/server/schedulers/shutdown.ts";
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import shutdownQueues from "../src/lib/server/queues/shutdown.ts";
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import dbInstance from "../src/lib/server/db/db.ts";
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import { redisConnection } from "../src/lib/server/redisConnector.ts";
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import knex from "knex";
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import knexOb from "../knexfile.js";
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@@ -13,89 +14,113 @@ const PORT = process.env.PORT || 3000;
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const base = process.env.KENER_BASE_PATH || "";
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async function start() {
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// Dynamic import so BODY_SIZE_LIMIT from .env is available
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// before the handler reads it at module top-level
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const { handler } = await import("../build/handler.js");
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// Dynamic import so BODY_SIZE_LIMIT from .env is available
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// before the handler reads it at module top-level
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const { handler } = await import("../build/handler.js");
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const app: any = express();
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const db = knex(knexOb);
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const app: any = express();
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const db = knex(knexOb);
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app.get(base + "/healthcheck", (req: any, res: any) => {
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res.end("ok");
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});
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// Caps a health probe at 2s so a wedged dependency can not hang the
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// endpoint. A probe is healthy unless it throws, times out, or resolves false.
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const probe = async (check: () => Promise<unknown>): Promise<boolean> => {
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try {
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const result = await Promise.race([
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check(),
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new Promise((_, reject) => setTimeout(() => reject(new Error("health probe timeout")), 2000)),
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]);
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return result !== false;
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} catch {
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return false;
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}
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};
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app.use(handler);
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// Reports component health. Always 200 so healthcheck-driven restarters do
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// not bounce the app while a dependency is down (a restart can not fix a
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// dead database); pass ?strict=1 to get 503 when any component is down.
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app.get(base + "/healthcheck", async (req: any, res: any) => {
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const [dbOk, redisOk] = await Promise.all([probe(() => dbInstance.ping()), probe(() => redisConnection().ping())]);
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const healthy = dbOk && redisOk;
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const strict = req.query.strict === "1";
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res.status(strict && !healthy ? 503 : 200).json({
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status: healthy ? "ok" : "degraded",
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db: dbOk,
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redis: redisOk,
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});
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});
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//migrations
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async function runMigrations() {
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try {
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// Rename old .js migration entries to .ts in the knex_migrations table
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// so Knex can find the renamed files on disk
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const hasTable = await db.schema.hasTable("knex_migrations");
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if (hasTable) {
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const oldJsMigrations = await db("knex_migrations").where("name", "like", "%.js");
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for (const row of oldJsMigrations) {
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const newName = row.name.replace(/\.js$/, ".ts");
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await db("knex_migrations").where("id", row.id).update({ name: newName });
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console.log(`Renamed migration record: ${row.name} -> ${newName}`);
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}
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}
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app.use(handler);
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console.log("Running migrations...");
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await db.migrate.latest(); // Runs migrations to the latest state
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console.log("Migrations completed successfully!");
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} catch (err) {
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console.error("Error running migrations:", err);
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}
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}
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//migrations
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async function runMigrations() {
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try {
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// Rename old .js migration entries to .ts in the knex_migrations table
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// so Knex can find the renamed files on disk
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const hasTable = await db.schema.hasTable("knex_migrations");
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if (hasTable) {
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const oldJsMigrations = await db("knex_migrations").where("name", "like", "%.js");
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for (const row of oldJsMigrations) {
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const newName = row.name.replace(/\.js$/, ".ts");
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await db("knex_migrations").where("id", row.id).update({ name: newName });
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console.log(`Renamed migration record: ${row.name} -> ${newName}`);
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}
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}
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//seed
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async function runSeed() {
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try {
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console.log("Running seed...");
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await db.seed.run(); // Runs seed to the latest state
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console.log("Seed completed successfully!");
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} catch (err) {
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console.error("Error running seed:", err);
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}
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}
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console.log("Running migrations...");
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await db.migrate.latest(); // Runs migrations to the latest state
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console.log("Migrations completed successfully!");
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} catch (err) {
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console.error("Error running migrations:", err);
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}
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}
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app.listen(PORT, async () => {
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await runMigrations();
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await runSeed();
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await db.destroy();
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Startup();
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console.log("Kener is running on port " + PORT + "!");
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});
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//seed
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async function runSeed() {
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try {
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console.log("Running seed...");
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await db.seed.run(); // Runs seed to the latest state
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console.log("Seed completed successfully!");
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} catch (err) {
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console.error("Error running seed:", err);
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}
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}
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// Graceful shutdown handler
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async function gracefulShutdown(signal: string) {
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console.log(`\nReceived ${signal}. Starting graceful shutdown...`);
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app.listen(PORT, async () => {
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await runMigrations();
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await runSeed();
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await db.destroy();
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Startup();
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console.log("Kener is running on port " + PORT + "!");
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});
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try {
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console.log("Shutting down schedulers...");
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await shutdownSchedulers();
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console.log("Schedulers shut down successfully.");
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// Graceful shutdown handler
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async function gracefulShutdown(signal: string) {
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console.log(`\nReceived ${signal}. Starting graceful shutdown...`);
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console.log("Shutting down queues...");
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await shutdownQueues();
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console.log("Queues shut down successfully.");
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try {
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console.log("Shutting down schedulers...");
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await shutdownSchedulers();
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console.log("Schedulers shut down successfully.");
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console.log("Closing database connection...");
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await dbInstance.close();
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console.log("Database connection closed successfully.");
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console.log("Shutting down queues...");
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await shutdownQueues();
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console.log("Queues shut down successfully.");
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console.log("Graceful shutdown completed.");
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process.exit(0);
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} catch (err) {
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console.error("Error during graceful shutdown:", err);
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process.exit(1);
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}
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}
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console.log("Closing database connection...");
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await dbInstance.close();
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console.log("Database connection closed successfully.");
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// Handle termination signals
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process.on("SIGTERM", () => gracefulShutdown("SIGTERM"));
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process.on("SIGINT", () => gracefulShutdown("SIGINT"));
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console.log("Graceful shutdown completed.");
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process.exit(0);
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} catch (err) {
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console.error("Error during graceful shutdown:", err);
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process.exit(1);
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}
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}
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// Handle termination signals
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process.on("SIGTERM", () => gracefulShutdown("SIGTERM"));
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process.on("SIGINT", () => gracefulShutdown("SIGINT"));
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}
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start();
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@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
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<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30" />
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<title>%sveltekit.status% — Status page temporarily unavailable</title>
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<style>
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:root {
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color-scheme: light dark;
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--bg: #ffffff;
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--fg: #09090b;
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--muted: #71717a;
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--border: #e4e4e7;
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}
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@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
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:root {
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--bg: #09090b;
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--fg: #fafafa;
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--muted: #a1a1aa;
|
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--border: #27272a;
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}
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}
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body {
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margin: 0;
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min-height: 100vh;
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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justify-content: center;
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background: var(--bg);
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color: var(--fg);
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font-family:
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ui-sans-serif,
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system-ui,
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-apple-system,
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"Segoe UI",
|
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Roboto,
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sans-serif;
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}
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.card {
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||||
max-width: 28rem;
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margin: 1rem;
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padding: 2rem;
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border: 1px solid var(--border);
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border-radius: 1rem;
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text-align: center;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 1.25rem;
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margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
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}
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p {
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color: var(--muted);
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font-size: 0.875rem;
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line-height: 1.5;
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margin: 0.25rem 0;
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}
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.code {
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color: var(--muted);
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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margin-top: 1.25rem;
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}
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</style>
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||||
</head>
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<body>
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<div class="card">
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<h1>This status page is temporarily unavailable</h1>
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<p>We are having trouble serving this page right now. It usually resolves on its own.</p>
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<p>This page will retry automatically in 30 seconds.</p>
|
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<div class="code">%sveltekit.status% · %sveltekit.error.message%</div>
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</div>
|
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</body>
|
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</html>
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@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ import {
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GetLoggedInSession,
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GetLocaleFromCookie,
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GetUsersCount,
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HasRequiredEnv,
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IsEmailSetup,
|
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IsSetupComplete,
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} from "./controller.js";
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import type { EventDisplaySettings, GlobalPageVisibilitySettings, SiteDateTimeFormat } from "$lib/types/site.js";
|
||||
|
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@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ export async function GetLayoutServerData(cookies: Cookies, request: Request): P
|
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GetUsersCount(),
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]);
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||||
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||||
const isSetupComplete = await IsSetupComplete();
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||||
// Same check as IsSetupComplete, but reuses the site data fetched above
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||||
// instead of querying it a second time on every request
|
||||
const isSetupComplete = HasRequiredEnv() && Object.keys(siteData).length > 0;
|
||||
|
||||
const selectedLang = GetLocaleFromCookie(siteData, cookies);
|
||||
const siteStatusColors = siteData.colors;
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -154,14 +154,17 @@ export const GetSiteDataByKey = async (key: string): Promise<unknown> => {
|
||||
return data.value;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
/** Checks the env vars required for setup, without touching the database. */
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export const HasRequiredEnv = (): boolean => {
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return (
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||||
process.env.KENER_SECRET_KEY !== undefined &&
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||||
process.env.ORIGIN !== undefined &&
|
||||
process.env.REDIS_URL !== undefined
|
||||
);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
export const IsSetupComplete = async (): Promise<boolean> => {
|
||||
if (process.env.KENER_SECRET_KEY === undefined) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (process.env.ORIGIN === undefined) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (process.env.REDIS_URL === undefined) {
|
||||
if (!HasRequiredEnv()) {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
let data = await db.getAllSiteData();
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -834,6 +834,16 @@ class DbImpl {
|
||||
|
||||
async init(): Promise<void> {}
|
||||
|
||||
/** Probes database connectivity with a trivial query. Never throws. */
|
||||
async ping(): Promise<boolean> {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
await this.knex.raw("select 1");
|
||||
return true;
|
||||
} catch {
|
||||
return false;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
async close(): Promise<void> {
|
||||
return await this.knex.destroy();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -89,6 +89,26 @@ Use when MySQL/MariaDB is your standard stack.
|
||||
DATABASE_URL=mysql://kener:password@localhost:3306/kener
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Connection pool tuning {#connection-pool-tuning}
|
||||
|
||||
For PostgreSQL and MySQL, Kener ships fail-fast, self-healing pool defaults: no permanently-idle connections, TCP keepalive on, and 15-second connection timeouts. This protects deployments on cloud networks (Railway, Docker Swarm overlays, Kubernetes) that silently drop idle TCP connections, which otherwise causes 500s after idle periods and can require a restart after a database outage.
|
||||
|
||||
Override only if your setup needs it:
|
||||
|
||||
| Variable | Description | Default |
|
||||
| ----------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_POOL_MIN` | Minimum pool connections (0 lets idle connections be reclaimed) | `0` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_POOL_MAX` | Maximum pool connections | `10` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_ACQUIRE_TIMEOUT_MS` | How long a query waits for a free connection before failing | `15000` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_CREATE_TIMEOUT_MS` | How long a new connection attempt waits before failing | `15000` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS` | How long a connection may sit idle before being closed | `30000` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_KEEPALIVE` | TCP keepalive on connections (`true`/`false`) | `true` |
|
||||
|
||||
> [!TIP]
|
||||
> If your database is slow to accept connections (cold starts, cross-region), raise `DATABASE_ACQUIRE_TIMEOUT_MS` and `DATABASE_CREATE_TIMEOUT_MS` instead of disabling keepalive or raising `DATABASE_POOL_MIN`.
|
||||
|
||||
These variables have no effect on SQLite.
|
||||
|
||||
## Switching databases {#switching-databases}
|
||||
|
||||
1. Backup/export data.
|
||||
@@ -103,9 +123,13 @@ DATABASE_URL=mysql://kener:password@localhost:3306/kener
|
||||
- Connection failed: verify host, port, credentials, firewall.
|
||||
- Migration failed: ensure DB exists and user can `CREATE`/`ALTER`.
|
||||
- SQLite write error: ensure directory exists and is writable.
|
||||
- `KnexTimeoutError: Timeout acquiring a connection`: the database is unreachable or too slow to accept connections — check database health first, then see [Connection pool tuning](#connection-pool-tuning).
|
||||
- `Connection terminated unexpectedly` after idle periods: the network dropped an idle connection; keepalive (on by default) prevents this — verify `DATABASE_KEEPALIVE` is not set to `false`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Environment variables {#environment-variables}
|
||||
|
||||
| Variable | Description | Default | Required |
|
||||
| -------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | -------- |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_URL` | Database connection string | `sqlite://./database/kener.sqlite.db` | No |
|
||||
|
||||
Pool tuning variables are listed in [Connection pool tuning](#connection-pool-tuning).
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -285,10 +285,21 @@ curl -fsS https://your-domain/healthcheck
|
||||
|
||||
Expected response body:
|
||||
|
||||
```text
|
||||
ok
|
||||
```json
|
||||
{ "status": "ok", "db": true, "redis": true }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`status` is `degraded` when the database or Redis is unreachable. The endpoint always returns HTTP 200 so healthcheck-driven restarters do not bounce the app while a dependency is down.
|
||||
|
||||
For orchestrators that should act on dependency health (load balancer readiness, alerting), pass `?strict=1` to get HTTP 503 when any component is down:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl -fsS https://your-domain/healthcheck?strict=1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
> [!WARNING]
|
||||
> Do not point a restart-on-failure healthcheck (Docker `HEALTHCHECK`, Railway) at `?strict=1` — restarting Kener can not fix a dead database and will loop for the whole outage.
|
||||
|
||||
## Next steps {#next-steps}
|
||||
|
||||
- For reverse proxy and TLS setup, continue with [Reverse Proxy Setup](/docs/v4/guides/reverse-proxy).
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -238,9 +238,15 @@ SMTP_SECURE=1
|
||||
|
||||
### Database Configuration {#database-configuration}
|
||||
|
||||
| Variable | Description | Default |
|
||||
| :------------- | :------------------------------ | :----------------------------- |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_URL` | Full database connection string | `sqlite://./database/kener.db` |
|
||||
| Variable | Description | Default |
|
||||
| :---------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------- |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_URL` | Full database connection string | `sqlite://./database/kener.db` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_POOL_MIN` | Minimum pool connections (PostgreSQL/MySQL) | `0` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_POOL_MAX` | Maximum pool connections (PostgreSQL/MySQL) | `10` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_ACQUIRE_TIMEOUT_MS` | Wait for a free connection before failing (PostgreSQL/MySQL) | `15000` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_CREATE_TIMEOUT_MS` | Wait for a new connection before failing (PostgreSQL/MySQL) | `15000` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_IDLE_TIMEOUT_MS` | Idle time before a connection is closed (PostgreSQL/MySQL) | `30000` |
|
||||
| `DATABASE_KEEPALIVE` | TCP keepalive on connections (PostgreSQL/MySQL) | `true` |
|
||||
|
||||
**Supported Databases**:
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -261,7 +267,7 @@ DATABASE_URL=postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/kener
|
||||
DATABASE_URL=mysql://user:password@localhost:3306/kener
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
📖 **See**: [Database Setup Guide](/docs/v4/setup/database-setup) for migration guides and best practices.
|
||||
📖 **See**: [Database Setup Guide](/docs/v4/setup/database-setup) for migration guides and [connection pool tuning](/docs/v4/setup/database-setup#connection-pool-tuning) for when to change the pool variables.
|
||||
|
||||
### Redis Configuration {#redis-configuration}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
<script lang="ts">
|
||||
import { page } from "$app/state";
|
||||
|
||||
// This boundary renders when a route group's layout load fails (e.g. the
|
||||
// database is unreachable), so it must not depend on app CSS or any server
|
||||
// data — everything here is self-contained.
|
||||
const isServerFailure = $derived(page.status >= 500);
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
||||
<svelte:head>
|
||||
<title>{page.status} — {isServerFailure ? "Status page temporarily unavailable" : "Something went wrong"}</title>
|
||||
{#if isServerFailure}
|
||||
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30" />
|
||||
{/if}
|
||||
</svelte:head>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="error-wrap">
|
||||
<div class="error-card">
|
||||
{#if isServerFailure}
|
||||
<h1>This status page is temporarily unavailable</h1>
|
||||
<p>We are having trouble serving this page right now. It usually resolves on its own.</p>
|
||||
<p>This page will retry automatically in 30 seconds.</p>
|
||||
{:else}
|
||||
<h1>Something went wrong</h1>
|
||||
<p>{page.error?.message || "The page you requested could not be loaded."}</p>
|
||||
{/if}
|
||||
<div class="error-code">{page.status}</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<style>
|
||||
:global(body) {
|
||||
margin: 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.error-wrap {
|
||||
min-height: 100vh;
|
||||
display: flex;
|
||||
align-items: center;
|
||||
justify-content: center;
|
||||
background: #ffffff;
|
||||
color: #09090b;
|
||||
font-family:
|
||||
ui-sans-serif,
|
||||
system-ui,
|
||||
-apple-system,
|
||||
"Segoe UI",
|
||||
Roboto,
|
||||
sans-serif;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.error-card {
|
||||
max-width: 28rem;
|
||||
margin: 1rem;
|
||||
padding: 2rem;
|
||||
border: 1px solid #e4e4e7;
|
||||
border-radius: 1rem;
|
||||
text-align: center;
|
||||
}
|
||||
h1 {
|
||||
font-size: 1.25rem;
|
||||
margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
p {
|
||||
color: #71717a;
|
||||
font-size: 0.875rem;
|
||||
line-height: 1.5;
|
||||
margin: 0.25rem 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.error-code {
|
||||
color: #71717a;
|
||||
font-size: 0.75rem;
|
||||
margin-top: 1.25rem;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
|
||||
.error-wrap {
|
||||
background: #09090b;
|
||||
color: #fafafa;
|
||||
}
|
||||
.error-card {
|
||||
border-color: #27272a;
|
||||
}
|
||||
p,
|
||||
.error-code {
|
||||
color: #a1a1aa;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
</style>
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user